Psychology Department http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/185 2026-07-01T06:57:21Z 2026-07-01T06:57:21Z SCHWAIGER, ELIZABETH Baig, Sarima http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2633 2024-12-17T07:01:29Z 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Using IAT to Measure Implicit Biases towards Mental Illness Authors: SCHWAIGER, ELIZABETH; Baig, Sarima Abstract: Mental illness for many years has been perceived in a negative light, greatly impacting the degree of treatment-seeking behaviour, the public attitude towards mental illness, laws and policies and the negative attitudes and associations that are formed towards mental illness. Therefore the research study investigates the attitude of psychology students; given their psychological knowledge about mental illness and evaluates the attributions they make towards mental illness. Participants from different institutions in Lahore participated in this research study and attempted Implicit Association Test to assess whether psychology students are implicitly biased towards the mentally ill or not. Quantitative data were collected and statistically analyzed with the help of SPSS; Independent samples t-test, paired samples test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were applied to analyze the data. The study concluded that regardless of knowledge and exposure, students of psychology have an implicit bias towards mental illness. Description: Mental illness for many years has been perceived in a negative light, greatly impacting the degree of treatment-seeking behaviour, the public attitude towards mental illness, laws and policies and the negative attitudes and associations that are formed towards mental illness. Therefore the research study investigates the attitude of psychology students; given their psychological knowledge about mental illness and evaluates the attributions they make towards mental illness. Participants from different institutions in Lahore participated in this research study and attempted Implicit Association Test to assess whether psychology students are implicitly biased towards the mentally ill or not. Quantitative data were collected and statistically analyzed with the help of SPSS; Independent samples t-test, paired samples test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were applied to analyze the data. The study concluded that regardless of knowledge and exposure, students of psychology have an implicit bias towards mental illness.

2023-06-01T00:00:00Z SCHWAIGER, ELIZABETH Rasul, Shumaila http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2632 2024-12-17T06:56:21Z 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Learning Climate, Intrinsic Motivation and Psychological Wellbeing among Clinical Psychology Trainees in Pakistan Authors: SCHWAIGER, ELIZABETH; Rasul, Shumaila Abstract: Self-determination theory proposes that satisfaction of the basic human needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential for people to perform at their best across cultures. The study aimed to investigate self-determination theory in a collectivistic culture using the relationship between learning climate, intrinsic motivation, psychological wellbeing and academic performance. Students doing postgraduate degree in Clinical Psychology program (n= 150) with (females = 130, males = 12) were recruited from universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Path analysis was conducted. Path model I showed the weak correlation of learning climate with intrinsic motivation. Subscales of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) (interest/enjoyment, competence, perceived choice) showed indirect effect with psychological wellbeing whereas subscale of IMI (pressure/tension) shared direct effect as pressure among students in collectivistic culture was found to be affecting their psychological wellbeing. In Path model II, learning climate and intrinsic motivation showed indirect effects on CGPA. Learning climate of Eastern countries is more controlling so learning climate and pressure/tension directly and indirectly affected psychological wellbeing. The findings highlighted that students in Pakistan are not practicing intrinsic motivation to achieve academic performance. Therefore, needs of self-determination theory are not satisfied in academic performance of students in collectivistic culture. Description: Self-determination theory proposes that satisfaction of the basic human needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential for people to perform at their best across cultures. The study aimed to investigate self-determination theory in a collectivistic culture using the relationship between learning climate, intrinsic motivation, psychological wellbeing and academic performance. Students doing postgraduate degree in Clinical Psychology program (n= 150) with (females = 130, males = 12) were recruited from universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Path analysis was conducted. Path model I showed the weak correlation of learning climate with intrinsic motivation. Subscales of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) (interest/enjoyment, competence, perceived choice) showed indirect effect with psychological wellbeing whereas subscale of IMI (pressure/tension) shared direct effect as pressure among students in collectivistic culture was found to be affecting their psychological wellbeing. In Path model II, learning climate and intrinsic motivation showed indirect effects on CGPA. Learning climate of Eastern countries is more controlling so learning climate and pressure/tension directly and indirectly affected psychological wellbeing. The findings highlighted that students in Pakistan are not practicing intrinsic motivation to achieve academic performance. Therefore, needs of self-determination theory are not satisfied in academic performance of students in collectivistic culture.

2023-06-01T00:00:00Z SCHWAIGER, ELIZABETH Iftikhar, Maha http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2631 2024-12-17T06:50:36Z 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Relationship between Family Functioning, Personality Traits, and Psychological Health in Clinical Psychology Trainees Authors: SCHWAIGER, ELIZABETH; Iftikhar, Maha Abstract: This research was intended to explore in what way family functioning and personality traits predicts psychological health in clinical psychology trainees. These three variables were never studied together in Pakistan, and it provided the clarity about the impact of both individual and collectivistic variables on psychological health. This study aimed to determine the extent to which family functioning and personality traits predict psychological health in clinical psychology trainees. The study comprised of 135 clinical psychology trainees (30 males, 105 females). Snowball sampling was used to collect the data through online questionnaire. The data were collected from seven major cities of Pakistan like Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Multan, and Peshawar. Hierarchical Linear Model was used to analyze the data and the major finding indicated that neuroticism was the predictor of higher psychological health in clinical psychology trainees whereas agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness did not predict psychological health of clinical psychology trainees. Family functioning did not play significant role in predicting psychological health of clinical psychology trainees. However, this study was significant as the psychological health of the clinical psychology trainees is important because they treat people with psychological illnesses. If trainees would not be psychologically well, they would not be able to treat their clients well. Description: This research was intended to explore in what way family functioning and personality traits predicts psychological health in clinical psychology trainees. These three variables were never studied together in Pakistan, and it provided the clarity about the impact of both individual and collectivistic variables on psychological health. This study aimed to determine the extent to which family functioning and personality traits predict psychological health in clinical psychology trainees. The study comprised of 135 clinical psychology trainees (30 males, 105 females). Snowball sampling was used to collect the data through online questionnaire. The data were collected from seven major cities of Pakistan like Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Multan, and Peshawar. Hierarchical Linear Model was used to analyze the data and the major finding indicated that neuroticism was the predictor of higher psychological health in clinical psychology trainees whereas agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness did not predict psychological health of clinical psychology trainees. Family functioning did not play significant role in predicting psychological health of clinical psychology trainees. However, this study was significant as the psychological health of the clinical psychology trainees is important because they treat people with psychological illnesses. If trainees would not be psychologically well, they would not be able to treat their clients well.

2023-03-01T00:00:00Z Schwaiger, Dr. Elizabeth M. Nazim, Dr. Abia Suneel, Dr. Ivan SANIYA ZEHRA, SYEDA http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2630 2024-12-19T20:11:55Z 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychiatric Symptoms in Pakistan Authors: Schwaiger, Dr. Elizabeth M.; Nazim, Dr. Abia; Suneel, Dr. Ivan; SANIYA ZEHRA, SYEDA Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic created the perfect storm for expression of psychiatric symptoms across the world. The current study sought to examine the specific impact of the pandemic via the pathways of stress and coronavirus anxiety on psychiatric symptoms in a Pakistani sample. As expected, women reported significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety and somatization than men. After controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, it was found that perceived stress and coronavirus anxiety were strong predictors of psychiatric symptoms. This study highlights that women in Pakistan may be at greater risk for psychiatric symptoms during stressful periods, perhaps due to common gender issues across cultures, but also the specific situation for women in Pakistan. The specific impact of the pandemic on psychiatric symptoms through the route of stress and anxiety towards the illness caused by coronavirus is also highlighted by this research. Implications include planning for psychological care for future stressful situations, as well as increasing awareness and availability of psychiatric care for women in Pakistan. Description: The COVID-19 pandemic created the perfect storm for expression of psychiatric symptoms across the world. The current study sought to examine the specific impact of the pandemic via the pathways of stress and coronavirus anxiety on psychiatric symptoms in a Pakistani sample. As expected, women reported significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety and somatization than men. After controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, it was found that perceived stress and coronavirus anxiety were strong predictors of psychiatric symptoms. This study highlights that women in Pakistan may be at greater risk for psychiatric symptoms during stressful periods, perhaps due to common gender issues across cultures, but also the specific situation for women in Pakistan. The specific impact of the pandemic on psychiatric symptoms through the route of stress and anxiety towards the illness caused by coronavirus is also highlighted by this research. Implications include planning for psychological care for future stressful situations, as well as increasing awareness and availability of psychiatric care for women in Pakistan.

2021-04-01T00:00:00Z