http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/941 2026-06-24T04:11:12Z 2026-06-24T04:11:12Z WHO http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2387 2024-10-19T09:51:37Z 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Action required to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and service delivery systems in the WHO European Region Authors: WHO

2021-06-01T00:00:00Z Esteve, Albert Permanyer, Inaki Boertien, Diederik Vaupel, James W. http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1000 2020-11-22T19:27:24Z 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: National age and co-residence patterns shape covid-19 vulnerability Authors: Esteve, Albert; Permanyer, Inaki; Boertien, Diederik; Vaupel, James W. Abstract: Based on harmonized census data from 81 countries, we estimate how age and co-residence patterns shape the vulnerability of countries’ populations to outbreaks of covid-19. We estimate variation in deaths arising due to a simulated random infection of 10% of the population living in private households and subsequent within-household transmission of the virus. The agestructures of European and North American countries increase their vulnerability to covid-related deaths in general. The co-residence patterns of elderly persons in Africa and parts of Asia increase these countries’ vulnerability to deaths induced by within-household transmission of covid-19. Southern European countries, which have aged populations and relatively high levels of intergenerational co-residence are, all else equal, the most vulnerable to outbreaks of covid-19. In a second step, we estimate to what extent avoiding primary infections for specific age-groups would prevent subsequent deaths due to within-household transmission of the virus. Preventing primary infections among the elderly is the most effective in countries with small households and little intergenerational co-residence such as France, whereas confining younger age groups can have a greater impact in countries with large and inter-generational households such as Bangladesh.

2020-05-01T00:00:00Z Sobotka, Tomáš Brzozowska, Zuzanna Muttarak, Raya Zeman, Kryštof Lego, Vanessa di http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/999 2020-11-22T19:27:12Z 2020-05-26T00:00:00Z

Title: Age, gender and COVID-19 infections Authors: Sobotka, Tomáš; Brzozowska, Zuzanna; Muttarak, Raya; Zeman, Kryštof; Lego, Vanessa di Abstract: Data for ten European countries which provide detailed distribution of COVID-19 cases by sex and age show that among people of working age, women diagnosed with COVID-19 substantially outnumber infected men. This pattern reverses around retirement: infection rates among women fall at age 60-69, resulting in a cross-over with infection rates among men. The relative disadvantage of women peaks at ages 20-29, whereas the male disadvantage in infection rates peaks at ages 70-79. The elevated infection rates among women of working age are likely tied to their higher share in health- and care-related occupations. Our examination also suggests a link between women’s employment profiles and infection rates in prime working ages. The same factors that determine women’s higher life expectancy account for their lower fatality and higher male disadvantage at older ages.

2020-05-26T00:00:00Z Kulu, Hill Dorey, Peter http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/998 2020-11-22T19:27:01Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Infection Rates from Covid-19 in Great Britain by Geographical Units: A Model-based Estimation from Mortality Data Authors: Kulu, Hill; Dorey, Peter Abstract: This study estimates cumulative infection rates from Covid-19 in Great Britain by geographical units and investigates spatial patterns in infection rates. We propose a model-based approach to calculate cumulative infection rates from data on observed and expected deaths from Covid-19. Our analysis of mortality data shows that between 5 and 6% of people in Great Britain were infected by Covid-19 by the last third of April 2020. It is unlikely that the infection rate was lower than 3% or higher than 12%. Secondly, England had higher infection rates than Scotland and especially Wales, although the differences between countries were not large. Thirdly, we observed a substantial variation in virus infection rates in Great Britain by geographical units. Estimated infection rates were highest in the capital city of London where more than 10% of the population might have been infected and also in other major urban regions, while the lowest were in small towns and rural areas. Finally, spatial regression analysis showed that the virus infection rates increased with the increasing population density of the area and the level of deprivation. The results suggest that people from lower socioeconomic groups in urban areas (including those with minority backgrounds) were most affected by the spread of coronavirus in March and April.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z