http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2405 2026-06-24T00:18:38Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2505 Title: How do Working Children Feel About Their Lives? And Why it Matters That We Know Authors: Pellenq, Catherine; Gunn, Susan; Ali, Mohammed Vaqas Abstract: It is not only adults who work, nor the youthful population of underdeveloped countries. Everywhere in the world, from household chores to steady jobs, work is part of the life experience of children. Depending on the conditions and nature of this work activity and the age of the young person involved, it may be classified as child labour, youth employment, or just ‘helping out’, but regardless of its designation there are health risks involved. This chapter offers an example from the brick manufacturing sector to illustrate the value of eliciting the children’s own view of their mental and physical state and the situation in which they find themselves. It shows how this child-oriented (rather than adult-oriented) perspective on risks and well-being can be measured on a population basis and, as such, how it can be the entry point to more appropriate policies, whether of protection or prohibition. It argues that, for project and policy guidance, the methods for assessing children’s psychosocial well-being are not the same as those required for diagnosis and treatment of pathology, which are individualistic by necessity. Instead, these are methods which can and must be incorporated in routine surveys or preparatory studies for large-scale projects. Through them, we can gain a broader picture of how a particular group of children feel, and we avoid making interventions that, to our eyes, give them a “better” childhood but which, to their eyes, are not helpful at all. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2432 Title: Hidden hazardous child labor as a complex human rights phenomenon: A case study of child labor in Pakistan’s brick-making industry Authors: Ali, Mohammad Abbas; Ali, Mohammad Vaqas; Abbas, Faiza Abstract: We examine the phenomenon of child labor in conditions where child labor is hazardous, unpaid family work, and exists in local industries. The overriding purpose of this study is to develop theoretical generalizations that may help comprehend the causes of hidden hazardous child labor in similar conditions eventually leading to effective steps in eradicating or controlling it. We consider child labor as a basic human rights issue and, hence, investigate it as a complex social phenomenon by merging two academic perspectives, i.e. the subaltern tradition in history, and the economic theories of entitlement, capability and function as propounded by Prof. Amartya Sen. We have found that the kiln-workers are invisible to the society. Their marginal existence allows them minimal options for improvement leading to a sense of despondency that decimates their self-esteem to the point where they believe that their basic human rights are negotiable. We conclude that to ameliorate the conditions of the kiln-workers there is a need to create an environment in which they are given the capability to exercise their given legal, political, and economic rights. Finally, we conclude that such an environment can be created through a multi-stakeholders approach spearheaded by the government and supported by unions, and non-governmental organizations. 2017-08-30T00:00:00Z