http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/465 Business Department 2026-06-23T22:59:47Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2877 Title: Self-Serving Spiritual Leadership and Adaptive Performance: The Role of Resilience and Ambivalence Authors: Farrukh, Sunnia; Alvi, Tariq Hameed; Tariq, Samia; Aslam, Muhammad Shakeel Abstract: Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study examines the paradoxical role of self-serving spiritual leadership in shaping employee ambivalence, resilience, and adaptive performance within dynamic IT settings. Time-lagged data were gathered from 428 software developers in Pakistan and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate that spiritual leadership increases ambivalence and is associated with reduced resilience. Spiritual leaders trigger employees’ ambivalence by conflicting moral and performance demands, while resilience is reduced by intensified emotional labor. Self-serving leadership moderates the relationship between spiritual leadership and both resilience and ambivalence. Interestingly, the coexistence of spiritual and self-serving leadership clarifies relational boundaries; in doing so, it mitigates resource strain and enhances adaptive performance via employees' resilience. This research found that, while employees’ resilience positively predicts adaptive performance, employees’ ambivalence—contrary to expectations—also shows a positive association with adaptive performance. Theoretically, the study adds to the COR theory by illustrating how spiritual leadership simultaneously depletes and activates resources. In practice, it advises managers to embrace spiritual leadership with caution and to implement monitoring policies and clear procedures to establish organizational boundaries. Description: NA 2025-11-11T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2876 Title: Perceived Overqualification and Employee Development: The Mediating Role of Peer Social Comparison and the Moderating Influence of Work-Group Inclusion Authors: Hakeem, Humera Abdul; Alvi, Tariq Hameed; Tariq, Samia Abstract: This study examines the paradoxical nature of perceived overqualification. Building on social cognitive career theory, it proposes the two dimensions of peer social comparison (abilities and opinions) as underlying mechanisms between perceived overqualification and investment in employee development. In addition, it investigates the moderating effect of work-group inclusion. The time-lagged data was collected from 202 employees working in Pakistan software development firms (a.k.a. software houses). PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) was employed to analyze it. The findings showed both dimensions of peer social comparison, i.e., abilities and opinions, to mediate the relationship between perceived overqualification and investment in employee development. Specifically, overqualified employees perceive the likelihood of investment in employee development through ability comparison. In contrast, making an opinion comparison leads them to believe that their organization didn’t invest in their development. Additionally, work-group inclusion weakens the perceived overqualification’s positive impact on peer social opinion comparison. Meanwhile, work-group inclusion could not moderate the relationship in the case of peer social ability comparison. Description: NA 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2850 Title: Sensitivity Analysis of Domestic Credit to Private Sector in Pakistan: A Variable Replacement Approach Applied with Con-Integration Authors: Masood, Omar; Butt, Shazaib; Ali, Syed Alamdar; Bellalah, Mondher; Teulon, Frederic; Levyne, Olivier Abstract: This study has been conducted to empirically examine the determinants of domestic credit to private sector (DCPS) in Pakistan over the period from 1980 to 2009. The relationship is determined using Johansen and Juselius’s framework and NLS and ARM based error correction model to complete the long run and short run relationship analysis. We have conducted variable replacement based sensitivity analysis by examining two sets of exogenous variables. It showed that DCPS has no relationship with economic growth in Pakistan so far. Consequently, in Pakistan the development of financial sector is not making any contribution to the economic development. Further government borrowings for non development expenditures is making the lending actions of the banks oligopolistic, which is hindering the conventional flow of financing to private sector for economic development. Therefore, the monetary authority in Pakistan should adopt steeper target oriented policies for financial sector to extend credit for economic development. Description: NA 2011-07-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2849 Title: Effects of Halal social media and customer engagement on brand satisfaction of Muslim customer Exploring the moderation of religiosity Authors: Shah, Syed Alamdar Ali; Sukmana, Raditya; Fianto, Bayu Arie; Ahmad, Muhammad Ali; Usman, Indrianawati Usman; Mallah, Waqar Ahmed Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that affect brand satisfaction of a Muslim customer who is making purchases from selling outlets on social media. Design/methodology/approach The study used a new mechanism of sampling for research studies relating to social media which. Further, we used hierarchical regression to analyze the moderation effects of religiosity. Findings The authors’ findings suggest that religiosity has moderation effects on the relationship between halal social media and brand satisfaction of a Muslim customer and even higher moderation effects on relationship between customer engagement and brand satisfaction of a Muslim customer. Research limitations/implications The respondents of this research are completely unknown as the data has been collected from google-docs link sharing arrangement. Practical implications This study identifies factors that need to be focused on winning the brand loyalty of a Muslim customer. Originality/value This study provides a new sampling methodology to be used for the purpose of studies related to social media, which has been labeled as “social-media disguised snow ball sampling”. Further, this study is one of the few studies in the area of “halal social media”. Description: NA 2019-10-19T00:00:00Z