http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/468 Geography Department 2026-06-23T21:37:06Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1536 Title: Appraisal of deforestation in Murree using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Authors: Batool, Hafsah; Mahmood, S A; Raza, S M H; H, S Shehzad Abstract: This research was executed to delineate deforestation in Murree between 2000-2015. The main purpose of the research was to investigate the forest degradation rates using geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques. It also aimed to identify the impact assessment of deforestation on the socioeconomic life of the locals. We identified the percentage of forest degradation rates across the study area as the Landsat 8 image for the year 2000 was classified into vegetation, top soil and built up area. The area covered by vegetation was 79.97 km2 (55%), top soil was 38.25 km2 (26%) and the built up area 27.5 km2 (19%). The Landsat 8 image for the year 2015 was classified and the classification results showed that the area covered by vegetation was 59.3 km2 , topsoil was 42.89 km2 and the built up area 41.25 km2 . So it is clear that deforestation occurred in Murree region and the areas with high forest degradation rates were mapped. 2018-05-15T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1504 Title: Remote Sensing and Morphotectonic Analysis in Hazara Kashmir Syntaxes Using River Longitudinal Profiles Authors: Mahmood, S.A; Waheed, Z; Batool, Hafsah; Ghazi, S; Mirza, S; Akhtar, A.M; Raza, S.M.H; Khan, R.M.A Abstract: The disastrous tremor of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxes (HKS) in Pakistani Himalayas on October 8, 2005 was a result of neotectonics movement through the advanced propagation of the NW- end of Indo-Pak subducting plate below Eurasia. The purpose is to observe neo-tectonics and allied active deformation through SRTM DEM 90 m based automated drainage network and geomorphometry. The geomorphic indices such as Hack-SL gradient, steepness, concavity and relative uplift rate maps are quite significant for the analysis of active tectonics. A comprehensive river longitudinal profile analysis discovered that the outcomes achieved for the topographic relative uplift rates (TRUR), steepness, Hack SL and concavity indices are reliable with the active tectonics of HKS. The TRUR are higher in the central, north-northeast, north-northwest and south-southwest (i.e., 2. 5 mm/yr.) in comparison with the lower (0.1 mm/yr.) in the eastern part of HKS. This scenario proposes neotectonic control over the local drainage network and the topography in the study area. The TRUR map confirms that the central, NNE, NNW and SSW parts of the study area tectonically more deformed and uplifted than region in the east towards Sri Nagar basin. The spatial distribution of variable relative uplift rates is a clear indication of unique and complex active deformation along and in the HKS. 2014-04-14T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1503 Title: Environmental Assessment and Analysis of Chemical Properties of Drinking Water Using Geo-Spatial Technologies: Examples from Lahore Metropolitan Authors: Imam Mirza, Ali; Iqtadar Mirza, Ali; Jamal, Tabasam; Hassan, Syed Shehzad; Batool, Hafsah; Mahmood, Rashid; Naz, Attia; Butt, Atif; Saddique Kaukab, Imran; Sohail, Azam; Alvi, Sana; Ahmad, Javed; Ali, Safeer; Aamir, Muneeb; Akhtar, Azeem; Javed, Arshad; Ali, A Abstract: The contamination of drinking water in Pakistan is a serious threat to its citizens. Urbanization leads to an increased demand of drinking water supply that leads to excessive drawdown that further causes lowering of water table. The current WASA (Water and Sanitation Authority) supply network does not fulfill the demand of a growing metropolitan city of Lahore. The drawdown of Lahore is absolutely reliant on Water and Sanitation Authority (WASA) water supply network that causes numerous problems due to inappropriate management of groundwater capital and increased urbanization. This research investigates groundwater qualities: Alkalinity, Arsenic, Calcium, chloride, Total Hardness, Magnesium, Nitrate, pH and Total Dissolved solids using geographic information system (GIS). Residents of high concentrated towns, like Samnabad Town, Allama Iqbal Town, Gulberg, Data Ganj Bakhsh Town, Ravi Town and Wahga town witness cut-down of water supply mainly due to over burden on tube wells. Chemical properties of drinking water show that most of the parameters were within the allowable limits of WHO whereas the pH, and arsenic values are higher than the average. Arsenic is a carcinogenic element which causes cancer and is higher in the drinking water. Finally, this study identifies highly contaminated groundwater zones and makes it convenient to find actual pollutants. Therefore, plans are needed to protect the aquifer. 2018-09-30T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1162 Title: Towards a Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Technique to Study Population and Urban Growth: A Case Study of Multan Authors: Ali, Atif; Khalid, Anam; Butt, Muhammad; Mehmood, Rashid; Mahmood, Syed Amer; Sami, Javed; Qureshi, Jahanzeb; Shafique, Kashif; Khan, Asdullah; Waheed, Rizwan; Ali, Farhan; Mukhtar, Rais; Azhar, Muhammad Abstract: In recent decades, the migration rates of the large cities of Punjab have been risen up to a considerable level due to the lack of employment opportunities as well as lack of facilities in the rural areas of the province. It has caused an unprecedented and unplanned urbanization across the urban areas of the province. This study has been undertaken to perform fractal analysis about the sprawl in rapidly growing city. GIS and remote sensing data have been used in this study as an emerging technology which is cost effective as well as accurate at the same time. Landsat images have been taken for the study and the sprawl has been calcu lated with the analysis of the data of each decade for past more than 40 years. It has been observed that the built up area is 47.8 to 141.12 Sq. Km whereas the pattern of urban settlement has been classified as clustered and linear, following the roads network. The temporal population growth also seconded these re sults. The population growth rate and population density increase, are based on the pixel based extraction of the data from satellite imagery for the period of 2000 to 2014, which is taken as a decision support tool. In 2000, the population of the district increased from 2,071,694 (1981 census) to 2,939,907 and then in 2013, it became 4,384,191 at a rate to 2.93% upturn per annum. Moreover, the study also reveals the extent of the growth of other land uses as well which may be taken as a reference that in an agricultural country like Pakistan, the natural re sources are being wasted (by urbanization of the fertile land). There must be some master planning to avoid such things in the other cities as well. Description: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327933640_Towards_a_Remote_Sensing_and_GIS-Based_Technique_to_Study_Population_and_Urban_Growth_A_Case_Study_of_Multan 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z