http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/57 Chemistry Mon, 22 Jun 2026 11:58:13 GMT 2026-06-22T11:58:13Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2825 Title: Toxic Dye Degradation Employing Phoenix dactylifera Seed Extract for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application Authors: Khan, Athar Yaseen; Maryam, Areesha; Rabbani, Saqib; Abid, Hina; Zidan, Ammar; Bahadur, Ali; Qamar, Muhammad Tariq; Iqbal, Shahid; Mahmood, Sajid; Farouk, Abd-ElAziem; Jafri, Ibrahim Abstract: This research highlights the facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Phoenix dactylifera seed extracts and its photocatalytic application for the degradation of toxic dyes. The AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by the appearance of its representative absorption peak at 416nm in UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, the reduction of silver ions to Ag was justified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed crystalline AgNPs struc- ture with particle size ranging from 5 to 15nm calculated using the Debye–Scherrer equation. The rectangular-like structural morphology of synthesized AgNPs was observed in scanning electron micrographs. The as-synthesized AgNPs demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of malachite green (MG) and congo red (CR) followed by methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) under UV irradiation. In addition, rate constant (k) and percentage degradation were also calculated. The present study presents a facile green synthesis pathway and its potentially successful manipulation in the reduction of toxic dyes under the illumination of UV-light. Description: N/A Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2825 2024-11-12T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2824 Title: Physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvent choline chloride: Propionic acid (ChCl/PA DES) and its binary solutions with 1-butanol as cosolvent Authors: Khan, Athar Yaseen; Sheikh, Aafia; Hernandez, Ariel; Ahmed, Safeer Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered suitable replacement for conventional organic solvents, and the prospects of their use in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields are growing. A detailed knowledge of their physicochemical properties and understanding about structural behavior are particularly important for academic and industrial applications. In the present study a deep eutectic solvent is prepared by combination of choline chloride (ChCl) and propionic acid (PA) designated as ChCl/PA DES. Physicochemical properties density (ρ), speed of sound (u) and dynamic viscosity (η) of ChCl/PA DES and its binary mixtures with cosolvent n-butanol are measured in the temperature range (293.15 – 333.15) K for all compositions x1 = 0 – 1 (x1 is mole fraction of ChCl/PA DES). The density data is appropriately fitted with a second-degree polynomial equation in T. The volumetric properties, excess molar volume (VE) and isentropic compressibility deviation (ΔκS), of ChCl/PA DES and its binary solutions show negative deviation from ideal behavior. The VE vs x1 curves exhibit a minimum at x1 ≈ 0.35 which becomes deeper with increasing T. Curves corresponding to excess partial molar volume of the DES and 1-Butanol also cross each other at x1 ≈ 0.35 which supports dominance of packing effect over specific interactions. Similar behavior in viscosity deviation (Δη) is also observed but at x1 ≈ 0.6 which is again sup- portive of the volumetric results. Lattice energy (Upot), molar entropy (S0) and intermolecular free length (Lf) are calculated to explore behavior of the derived thermodynamic properties. Comparison of the results of temper- ature dependence of transport property (η) with Vogel Fulcher Tammann (VFT) and Arrhenius equations reveals that the VFT equation satisfactorily explains the relationship between dynamic viscosity and T. To model the properties, we treat DES as a pseudo pure fluid and the DES + 1-butanol mixture as a pseudo binary system. The Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state was employed as a fitting approach for modeling the experimental density of ChCl/PA DES + 1-butanol mixtures. The theoretical models named Schaaff’s Collision Factor Theory (SCFT) and Nomoto’s Relation (NR) were used to compute the speed of sound (u) for the mixtures from theoretical point of view. Finally, dynamic viscosity (η) was modeled using Free Volume Theory (FVT). This theory was applied as a fitted method using only three fitted parameters across the entire range of temperature and liquid mole fraction of DES. Description: N/A Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2824 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2823 Title: Volumetric, acoustic, and conductometric studies of ionic surfactants in aqueous ammonium acetate-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent Authors: Khan, Athar Yaseen; Rabbani, Saqib; Abid, Hina; Qamar, Muhammad Tariq; Zidan, Ammar; Bahadur, Ali; Iqbal, Shahid; Saad, Muhammad; Mahmood, Sajid; Alotaibi, Mohammed T.; Akhter, Toheed Abstract: This study investigates the molecular interactions between cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bro- mide (CTAB) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in aqueous deep eutectic solvent (DES) solution over the temperature range of 293.15–313.15 K. Key parameters, including density, sound velocity, and elec- trical conductivity, was experimentally measured to derive a range of volumetric, acoustic, and conductometric properties that provide insights into the molecular behavior of these solutions. Apparent molar volume (фv), indicative of solute–solvent interactions; isentropic compressibility (KS), reflecting medium elasticity; and apparent molar compressibility (фK), which elucidates solute-induced compressibility changes, were determined from the experimental data. Additionally, specific acoustic impedance (Z), represents the medium’s resistance to sound propagation; relative association (RA), indicative of solute–solvent interaction strength; intermolecular free length (Lf), corresponding to the average distance between molecules; and the sound velocity number (U), which relates to the structural compactness of the solution, were also calculated. Collectively, these parameters offer a comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions, solvation dynamics, and structural organi- zation in the surfactant systems in the presence of DESs, enhancing our knowledge of their behavior under varying conditions. Description: N/A Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2823 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2822 Title: Molecular Insights into Interactions between Ofloxacin and Ionic Micelles Authors: Khan, Athar Yaseen; Sohail, Muhammad; Maryam, Areesha; Rabbani, Saqib Abstract: The growing antimicrobial resistance presents a challenge in developing new potent drugs, but this effort is hindered by a lack of information regarding how these new drugs would behave in biomembranes. Surfactants are considered mimetic models for biomembranes and can be used to study drug–membrane interactions. In this study, we used two well-known surfactants— cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate—as model membranes to investigate their interaction with the antimicrobial drug ofloxacin (OFL). These interactions were studied using volumetric and acoustic methods over the temperature range of 293.15–323.15 K to determine the apparent molar volume, isentropic compressibil- ity, apparent molar compressibility, acoustic impedance, relative association, and intermolecular free length. Furthermore, UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were employed to evaluate the binding constants and free energies of the drug–surfactant systems. These results provide key molecular insights into the thermodynamics of OFL partitioning and its binding mechanisms with amphiphilic assemblies. Such mechanistic understanding is crucial for the rational design of anti- biotic delivery systems, facilitating precise control over drug loading and release dynamics in surfactant-based formulations. Description: N/A Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2822 2025-07-15T00:00:00Z