http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/74 Economics Tue, 23 Jun 2026 19:18:25 GMT 2026-06-23T19:18:25Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2904 Title: Is There Any Role of Technological Inputs? A District-wise Analysis of Output Differential in Crop Secto Authors: Khan, Abdul Jalil Abstract: An investigation is performed to analyse the impact of technological inputs accompanied with traditional inputs over different periods of time on the output differential of four major crops including Wheat, Rice, Cotton and Sugarcane. Data related to different districts of the Punjab province have been used to conduct the study. A multivariate statistical analysis is applied for this purpose, in which principal component (factor) analyses is carried out as a first step to reduce the dimensionalities in the data and to obtain the ranking of districts in two phases of time i.e., 1971-75 and 2001-05. Further analysis is made by developing indices on the basis of few selected top and low ranked districts four each; along with one more district as a special case due to pronounced improvement in its ranking. Technological inputs showed consistency and significant contribution towards crop output over the time with some district wise differentials. Description: N/A Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2904 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2896 Title: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATION CHANGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN AND JAPAN Authors: Ahmad, Hafiz Rizwan; Butt, Ahsan; Khan, Abdul Jalil Abstract: This paper analyzes and compares socio-economic consequences of demographic change in Pakistan and Japan. Using data from 1950-2050, our comparison shows that speed of demographic transition is much faster in Japan while Pakistan is experiencing a much favorable age structure and other demographic ratios, which provide a window of demographic dividend in future. Moreover, Shapley’s GDP breakdown approach is used to help us understand how marginal changes in labor productivity, effective employment and age structure are transformed into per capita GDP growth for both the countries. Our results show that despite larger increase in population, all three factors, i.e. labor productivity, effective employment and age structure have contributed positively towards per capita GDP growth in Pakistan. While in the case of Japan, a decline in the share of working age population (WAP) has contributed negatively towards per capita GDP growth, which is compensated by a remarkable growth in labor productivity. Description: N/A Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2896 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2895 Title: Is It Feasible for Pakistan to Use Domestic Currency for International Settlements Authors: RIAZ, RABIA; KHAN, ABDUL JALIL; AHMAD, HAFIZ RIZWAN Abstract: The main objective of this study is to analyze four different currencies-based exchange rates by considering major trading partners of Pakistan and evaluate whether Pakistani Rupee (PKR) as a potential candidate for international settlement remain more stable or not. Since the exchange rate instability and large depreciation in terms of United States Dollar (USD) has instigated the policy makers to explore the ways to reduce the dependence over USD for all kinds of international settlement. This study has analyzed more than fifty years monthly data ranging from January 1970 to December 2023 considering four currencies USD, PKR, CHY (Chinese Youan) and SDR (Special Drawing Rights) based exchange rates. Initially GARCH(1,1) models are applied to measure the exchange rate risk and instability than panel data fixed effect models are estimated to evaluate various models including exchange rate volatility, trade balance, export and imports functions, international liquidity and international reserves. The main findings of this study appear to affirm our objective that it is beneficial for Pakistan to trade with major trade-partners in their respective domestic currency and ensure long term exchange rate stability with low risk. Comparatively Chinese Yuan may be more suitable if vehicle currency is indispensable especially in case if target is to accumulate both the international reserves and international liquidity. Consequently, the policy maker should design those policies that may encourage the scope of domestic currency use at least when Pakistan is trading with major trade-partners. Description: N/A Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2895 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2893 Title: One-Step-Ahead Forecastability of GARCH (1,1): A Comparative Analysis of USD- and PKR-Based Exchange Rate Volatilities Authors: Khan, Abdul Jalil; Azim, Parvez Abstract: This study aims to capture volatility patterns using GARCH (1,1) models. It evaluates these models to obtain one-step-ahead forecastabilities by employing four major forecasting evaluation criteria, and compares two different currencies— the Pakistan rupee and the US dollar—as domestic and foreign currency-valued exchange rates, respectively. The results show that using an international vehicle currency is favorable in Pakistan’s context. However, the Kuwaiti dinar, Canadian dollar, US dollar, Singapore dollar, Hong Kong dollar, and Malaysian ringgit are found to be preferable when performing direct international transactions. Using the root mean square errors and mean absolute errors techniques, the study also assess the robustness of measuring one-step-ahead forecasts. Description: N/A Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://digitalrepository.fccollege.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2893 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z