Bridging the Digital Divide: Predictors of Positive Attitudes and Functional Use of AI Among University Students in Pakistan

Abstract

Positive attitudes for generative artificial intelligence (AI) and functional use of AI are both essential for the youth of Pakistan, as they can improve student learning and skills for the job market. This study aimed to identify predictors of positive attitudes for AI and functional use of AI, and compare mean scores for attitudes, use, access, and literacy of AI with respect to student socio-demographic characteristics. A standardized survey was used to sample 171 students from universities of Pakistan. We found that positive attitudes for AI and greater use of AI are predicted by better availability and higher AI literacy, along with male gender, urban belonging, and higher wealth status. We conclude that the integration of AI-related content into Pakistan's education sector is crucial to enhance understanding and reduce skepticism, with a focus on improving AI literacy, accessibility, and engagement for rural students, females, and those from lower-income backgrounds. Collaborative efforts between academia, industry, and government, along with investments in infrastructure, teacher training, and continuous assessment, are essential to bridge the digital divide and prepare students for future job market demands.